The Power of Learning: Lessons from a Caveman

There was a caveman who lived in a forest all by himself. He was leading a decent life and was content with whatever he had and whatever he could find to eat. Until one day, an explorer came by his cave and showed him a mobile phone. The caveman was initially scared then astonished and then started using it and eventually he started loving it. He watched videos on how he could cut tress efficiently, videos on how he could hunt better and he even learnt the concept of preserving food for the rainy days and finally returned the phone to the explorer as they said their goodbyes.

The caveman started doing the things the way he had learnt from the videos. The days passed and turned into week, the weeks became months and eventually months became years. After around thirty years, the same explorer was going through the same exact forest. Suddenly he heard a yell from the distance, when the explorer looked around he was surprised to see the same caveman running towards him and when they finally met, the caveman started thanking the explorer for saving his life. The explorer confused, asked the caveman how he could have saved the caveman’s life when they did not even meet for thirty years.

The caveman explained, before he met the explorer all he could do was live on a daily basis. He would hunt everyday, eat what he could hunt and sleep with an empty stomach on the days he could not. But after watching the videos thirty years earlier, he started to hunt better, he started to use wood and fire to his advantage, he started to store food better which he could use in rainy days and because of all this, he started to live a healthy life and his lifespan increased. His forefathers had not learnt the skills he learnt and due to harsh weather, hunger and illness their average lifespan was only only around thirty years, whereas he is now forty seven and still strong to live another twenty odd years easily. Had he not watched the videos he could have still learnt them from his experience or experiments however it would have taken years or even generations to learn them.

The story is my imaginary creation but the relevance and the moral of it is real and timeless. This is how we all are, this is how the human kind has progressed. One thing that sets us apart from all the other creatures is our ability to learn and implement those learnings quickly.

In today’s fast paced and ever changing world all of us are busy, busy with our jobs, busy with our scholastic work, busy with our daily chores and somewhere between all these, we have let go our ability to keep learning consciously, some think they have learnt everything there is to learn or worse yet, some think only they know all the right things and everyone else is in some way inferior or less experienced than them.

The capacity to learn is a gift, the ability to learn is a skill, the willingness to learn is a choice. Brian Herbert

Learning can happen in different forms like reading, reflecting, observing, experiencing, listening, watching and the list can go on but the point is, we have to continuously keep learning no matter who we are, what we do or what stage of our lives we are in and we have to use the best effective means to do it.
If I am someone who spends a lot of time watching videos which don’t serve me in any way, I can start spending at least 10% of that time watching some quality videos on the new skill I always wanted to acquire. If I am someone who is thinking of taking up something which can help me get in good shape and I don’t like the idea of going to the gym everyday, I can enrol in a sport training which I like and still achieve my objective while also acquiring a new skill.

Some things can be learnt only through experiences and this statement while true, has been used by many of us to avoid learning anything at all. We resist learning through books or people. You tell them to pick up a book or a biography or watch a documentary and they say they rather deal with life themselves and learn that way. The truth is, while the statement itself is true and life teaches us a lot of lessons in its on way, the idea to pick up a book or watch a documentary is to learn from the other individual and his mistakes to do the things that must be done and avoid the things to be avoided. Let’s say, I read Steve Jobs’s biography I would not only do a crash course on how to become great in whatever I am trying to build but also I will learn what one must not do to be a good leader. If I listen to a podcast where the guest is Naval Ravikant or Ryan Holiday, I will not only learn the philosophical view of life but also will learn the effective ways to manage time, energy and get better at relationships.

Information is everywhere but its meaning is created by the observer that interprets it. Meaning is relative and there is no objective, over-arching meaning.” Naval Ravikant

A lot of times, it also takes courage to challenge what we have already learnt. In his best selling book “Think Again” Adam Grant writes “We all have blind spots in our knowledge and opinions. The bad news is that they can leave us blind to our blindness, which gives us false confidence in our judgment and prevents us from rethinking. The good news is that with the right kind of confidence, we can learn to see ourselves more clearly and update our views. In driver’s training we were taught to identify our visual blind spots and eliminate them with the help of mirrors and sensors. In life, since our minds don’t come equipped with those tools, we need to learn to recognize our cognitive blind spots and revise our thinking accordingly.”

Finally, let us get back to our caveman (who was patiently waiting until now)

He could have remained scared and could have chosen not to learn new skills but to his credit, he did.
He could have chosen to do the things the way he and his ancestors always did, but he changed and changed for better.
He could have chosen to stick to his outdated learnings, but fortunately he challenged them and got new perspective on the things he had been doing for long.
He could have chosen to die young like all his ancestors, but he chose to live healthier and longer than all of them.


Be Great!
Praveen.

Human Attention Span & Technology: Strategies for Focused Work

Internet, Smart phones and Social media have all made our lives easy in unimaginable ways and they have made it really hard for anyone trying to focus on one particular task for a lengthy period of time too. Exploiting these technologies and the way human mind works, we are constantly bombarded by the things which are designed for us to stay glued to the screens for a very long time.
Needless to say, organisations spend millions of dollars every year just to come up with the products that are habit-forming and addictive. In case of social media for instance, it has gone beyond a point where we now see that most content producers on most (if not all) of the platforms are more interested in creating habit-forming, high-intensity contents than focusing on the quality of the message they deliver.

When we were introduced to the internet in the late 80’s (the official DOB of the internet is Jan 1, 1983), little did we imagine that it would change the way we work, spend time, and do pretty much everything.

Number of internet users worldwide from 2005 to 2023(in millions)

https://www.statista.com/statistics/273018/number-of-internet-users-worldwide/

Then on February 14, 2005, came a video streaming platform called YouTube, which revolutionised the way we killed our boredom and learnt new things. It made watching videos so easy and fun, that almost everyone who has a mobile device or a computer, uses YouTube as a primary mode of entertainment.
According to Statista, as of April 2024, the United Arab Emirates was the country with the highest YouTube penetration, at approximately 94.2 percent. Israel ranked second with a reach of 93.6 percent, followed by the United Kingdom with a reach of 90.6 percent. The global YouTube reach in April 2024 was approximately 38.1 percent (the average number 38.1% might look odd to some but please know that, almost 90% of the world has penetration of more than 75% and the countries where the penetration is not on par are also the one’s with higher population) Approximately, YouTube users view a 1 billion hours of video each day. That accounts for around 5 billion YouTube videos being watched each day!!!

Most popular YouTube videos based on total global views as of January 2024(in billions)

Around the same time we saw the birth of many social media platforms, some of which have ceased to exist and some have become a part of our everyday habits (every-minute in actuality)

As of 2024, the average daily social media usage of internet users worldwide amounted to 143 minutes per day, down from 151 minutes in the previous year. Currently, the country with the most time spent on social media per day is Brazil, with online users spending an average of three hours and 49 minutes on social media each day. In comparison, the daily time spent with social media in the U.S. was just two hours and 16 minutes. 

Daily time spent on social networking by internet users worldwide from 2012 to 2024 (in minutes)

Currently, the global social network penetration rate is 62.3 percent. Northern Europe had an 81.7 percent social media penetration rate, topping the ranking of global social media usage by region. Eastern and Middle Africa closed the ranking with 10.1 and 9.6 percent usage reach, respectively. 

According to one report that analyses mobile unlocking behaviours, Gen Z smartphone users in the United States unlock their devices on average 79 times daily. Millennials ranked second, averaging 63 unlocks a day, while the Silent Generation had the lowest number of daily unlocks at 18 times per day.

https://www.statista.com/statistics/1050339/average-unlocks-per-day-us-smartphone-users/

Now with all these numbers, one must be feeling overwhelmed and maybe to free themselves of this guilt they might reason themselves to be masters of multitasking.

To disprove the myth of multitasking, here’s the finding of an experiment published in 2001,
Joshua Rubinstein, PhD, Jeffrey Evans, PhD, and David Meyer, PhD, conducted four experiments in which young adults switched between different tasks, such as solving math problems or classifying geometric objects. For all tasks, the participants lost time when they had to switch from one task to another. As tasks got more complex, participants lost more time. As a result, people took significantly longer to switch between more complex tasks. Time costs were also greater when the participants switched to tasks that were relatively unfamiliar. They got up to speed faster when they switched to tasks they knew better.
According to Meyer, Evans and Rubinstein, converging evidence suggests that the human “executive control” processes have two distinct, complementary stages. They call one stage “goal shifting” (“I want to do this now instead of that”) and the other stage “rule activation” (“I’m turning off the rules for that and turning on the rules for this”). Both of these stages help people to, without awareness, switch between tasks. That’s helpful. Problems arise only when switching costs conflict with environmental demands for productivity and safety.
Although switch costs may be relatively small, sometimes just a few tenths of a second per switch, they can add up to large amounts when people switch repeatedly back and forth between tasks. Thus, multitasking may seem efficient on the surface but may actually take more time in the end and involve more error. Meyer has said that even brief mental blocks created by shifting between tasks can cost as much as 40 percent of someone’s productive time.

What can we do to solve this?
While I mostly struggle to focus on a particular task for long myself, for starters, I’ve come to realise that an individual should be aware of his shortcomings which will eventually allow him to take necessary actions to get better and start his journey of being more mindful and more productive in whatever he does going forward.

Cal Newport in his book Deep Work argues that deep work is rare in today’s world, yet it is essential for mastering complicated information and producing high-quality results. Those who cultivate this skill can thrive and differentiate themselves. He sets forth a few rules that help us in making our life a bit more clutter-free and a bit more productive, and they are:
Rule 1: Work Deeply: Create rituals and routines that promote deep work. This can include establishing a conducive workspace, setting defined work blocks, and using time management techniques.
Rule 2: Embrace Boredom: Train your brain to handle boredom by resisting the urge to seek distractions. This builds focus and resilience.
Rule 3: Quit Social Media: Assess the tools you use (especially social media) to determine if they are significantly contributing to your goals. If not, consider quitting or limiting their use.
Rule 4: Drain the Shallows: Reduce the time spent on shallow work. Set strict limits on the amount of time you dedicate to these tasks, allowing more room for deep work.

Additional tips to enhance Deep/Focused work :
Prioritise Tasks: Identify the most important tasks and tackle them during your peak focus hours.
Set Time Limits: Setting up time limits for each work type can drastically increase your chances of focusing on the task at hand and the one which matters.
Create a Dedicated Workspace: Set up an area for focused work that is separate from spaces associated with leisure or distraction.
Practice Mindfulness: Techniques such as meditation can enhance your ability to concentrate and improve overall mental clarity (I am yet to try this personally)
Limit Multitasking: Focused work thrives on single-tasking. Attempting to juggle multiple tasks can dilute focus and reduce overall productivity.
Reflect and Adjust: After focused work sessions, reflect on what strategies were effective and adjust your approach as needed. The more you adjust the approach, the more you will be able to understand what works best for you.
The objective is not to be perfect, it is to get better every single day as we move forward in this journey.

Conclusion :
The numbers, facts and statistics tell us that we humans are spending quite a lot of time being connected to the network and social media, which is definitely decreasing our attention span and our ability to focus deeply. By cultivating the ability to focus deeply, we can produce more meaningful work and lead a more fulfilling professional and personal life.

The question is, will we be humble enough to accept the facts and take corrective actions or continue to stay in the realm of “online world” ? Will we loose our ability to focus deeply altogether and surrender to sudden bursts of motivation or shape the future of humankind due to long lasting inspiration?

References and Further Reading :
On Attention Deficithttps://time.com/6302294/why-you-cant-focus-anymore-and-what-to-do-about-it/
Research on Multi-Tasking and it’s costhttps://www.apa.org/topics/research/multitasking
History of Social Mediahttps://postfity.com/blog/history-social-media
Book – Deep Work by Cal Newport

Be Great!
Praveen.

The Importance of “To Don’t” List

All of us love to be organised and disciplined however, only some of us are really good at being organised. Be it our professional lives or our personal lives, we crave to have a plan for everything. We plan our lives, our years, our months, our days and even our hours and minutes. For all our goals, we have “TO DO” lists where we write down what we would want to accomplish at that particular moment which will help us achieve our objectives in short term and long term.

However while listing our To Do items, we forget an important factor which is, what are the things we won’t do at that particular moment.By neglecting this factor, we often end up doing everything except what that To Do list had and even if we are able to complete that task, we end up spending a lot more time and energy it should have taken.

As long as you have discipline, you can be a success. Discipline is what makes you do everything you need to do. Anthony Joshua

I personally struggle with keeping up with the plan I have for myself for that particular hour, let alone the plan I have for myself for the year. However, along with the other numerous things COVID has thought me is, the importance of having a “To Don’t” list too. It has helped me personally to remove all the unwanted and unproductive things I do while doing something productive. For instance, in the “to don’t” list I wrote, Do not use mobile phone, no music, no social media while writing an article. Which happened while writing this very article. By doing this, I told myself what are things I would not do while I write this article. Which helped me in focussing on my thoughts while I write, this automatically took care of an item I had on my “to do” list for the week (which is, post one article per week)

I’ve been applying this principle for some months now and it has allowed me to stay away from all the non-productive things I was getting used to. It has made me stay focused and concentrate on what I was working on and what I really loved doing. The more I started applying this in my everyday life, the more I felt I have lot more time than I thought and I felt my life is getting better. For instance, I made a note of what I won’t do after work hours (which used be, watching news endlessly, watching random movies or series which never really were of “my kind”) This automatically shifted my focus on spending quality time with my 2 year old daughter, reading books, listening to audio books or podcasts or even spiritual songs (Bhajan’s) which sprouts positive thoughts in my mind. Because now, I have all these hours for myself which I can invest on productive things where as, I used to think I never really have time for books or podcasts or even spending quality time with my daughter.

Focus so much on the productive things that you don’t find time for the unproductive one’s. Praveen (Me)

Let me break this down further, let’s say, you are driving on highway at 80 KM/Hr, am sure along with all the other important to do things, we also know what we must not be doing. Things like, don’t drink and drive, don’t look any where else except the lane ahead, don’t try to cross and overtake a vehicle especially if you don’t have the complete vision of what’s ahead and obviously don’t take your hands off of the steering wheel. Another example I can give is, If I have “Wake up at 5AM” in my To Do, It is important to have “Do not sleep later than 10PM” in my To Don’t.

Similarly, If you are a leader or an organisation, you have all the things you would like to be known for and what you must do to get there. Subconsciously, you also know what you would not do to get to your objective or the goal. Usually, these things are the one’s which might question your integrity, your ethics, the quality of the product or the service. As an organisation, you would never want to do something unethical to win that billion dollar contract, you would never want to be complacent with the quality of your product or the service to beat your competitors on the price.

To enjoy good health, to bring true happiness to one’s family, to bring peace to all, one must first discipline and control one’s own mind. If a man can control his mind he can find the way to Enlightenment, and all wisdom and virtue will naturally come to him. Buddha

To summarise, “To Do” lists are important however, “To Don’t” lists are equally important. To Do lists tell you what needs to be done and To Don’t lists tell what you won’t do while working on your To Do’s. To Do’s are the goals and To Don’t’s are your plans to achieve those goals.

Note: By no means I am telling you that I am an expert at this and my life has changed completely after following the above principle. However I promise you this, my life has definitely become better and I am loving it 🙂

Be Great!